{"id":6123,"date":"2026-09-18T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-18T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dataplatform.gr\/?p=6123"},"modified":"2026-09-18T10:31:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-18T07:31:09","slug":"pos-kanoyme-maintenance-indexes-statistics-se-vasi-dedomeno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dataplatform.gr\/en\/pos-kanoyme-maintenance-indexes-statistics-se-vasi-dedomeno\/","title":{"rendered":"How to maintain Indexes and Statistics in a PostgreSQL database"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As we have seen in previous articles, the smooth operation of a database is not only ensured by backup and recovery mechanisms, but also requires constant maintenance. Over time and the execution of daily transactions, tables and indexes accumulate fragmentation, while statistics become outdated, resulting in a drop in performance. In this article we will see how we can keep the database in good condition by performing manual and automated maintenance procedures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Statistics maintenance (analyze)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The PostgreSQL query optimizer relies on table statistics to decide the execution plan to follow. If the statistics are not up-to-date, the database may incorrectly choose sequential scans instead of index scans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To update statistics across the database, we use the tool <code>vacuumdb<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-no-auto-translation=\"\">sudo -u postgres vacuumdb --all --analyze-in-stages<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rebuild indexes (reindex)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When many modifications are made to tables, indexes lose their efficiency due to fragmentation. To restore them to their original state, we can rebuild them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To reindex the entire database:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-no-auto-translation=\"\">sudo -u postgres vacuumdb --all --full<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Or alternatively, if we want to rebuild a specific index without blocking users, we use the corresponding command <code>CONCURRENTLY<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-no-auto-translation=\"\">REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY my_index_name;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>*The choice <code>CONCURRENTLY<\/code> is not supported by <code>VACUUM FULL<\/code>, as the latter locks the table.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maintenance Process Automation with Cronjob<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because these tasks should not be performed manually during peak hours, we can automate them by adding the relevant actions to the user&#039;s crontab. <code>postgres<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To process cronjobs, we run:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-no-auto-translation=\"\">sudo -u postgres crontab -e<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And we add the tasks we want to be executed automatically:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-no-auto-translation=\"\"># daily update statistics 02:00\n0 2 * * * \/usr\/pgsql-14\/bin\/vacuumdb --all --analyze >> \/var\/log\/postgres\/maintenance-analyze.log 2>&amp;1\n\n# weekly full vacuum \/ maintenance Sunday 03:00\n0 3 * * 0 \/usr\/pgsql-14\/bin\/vacuumdb --all --full >> \/var\/log\/postgres\/maintenance-full.log 2>&amp;1<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this way, we ensure that the database remains efficient without requiring human intervention.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As we have seen in previous articles, the smooth operation of a database is not only ensured by backup and recovery mechanisms, but also requires constant maintenance. Over time and the execution of daily transactions, tables and indexes accumulate fragmentation, while statistics become outdated, resulting in a drop in performance. In [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,123],"tags":[29,49,497,124,30],"class_list":["post-6123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-databases","category-postgresql","tag-databases","tag-indexes","tag-maintenance","tag-postgresql","tag-rdbms"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 maintenance Indexes \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Statistics \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd PostgreSQL - DataPlatform.gr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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