{"id":5178,"date":"2024-01-04T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dataplatform.gr\/?p=5178"},"modified":"2024-02-04T21:49:06","modified_gmt":"2024-02-04T18:49:06","slug":"pos-kanoyme-enforce-password-policy-se-vasi-dedomenon-tis-or","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dataplatform.gr\/en\/pos-kanoyme-enforce-password-policy-se-vasi-dedomenon-tis-or-2\/","title":{"rendered":"How to enforce password policy in an Oracle database"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As we know in an Oracle database through the <strong>User Profiles<\/strong> we can set restrictions on groups of users as to when and if a code expires (<code>PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME<\/code>), how many days it has to change before it stops working (<code>PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME<\/code>), after how many days it can be reused (<code>PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME<\/code>) and after how many failed attempts it locks (<code>FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS<\/code>). However, by default we cannot set restrictions regarding the size and complexity of the code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article we will see how we install the builtin functions that allow us this feature and what options we have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the installation we have the possibility to activate one of the two functions per user profile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ora12c_verify_function<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>By activating it <code>ora12c_verify_function<\/code> the following rules will be met:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The code must be at least 8 characters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The code must have at least 1 letter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The code must have at least 1 number.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The code must not contain the username<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The code must not contain the username in reverse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The code must not contain the server name<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Password cannot be common like &#039;oracle&#039; and &#039;password1&#039; .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The code must not differ by at least 3 characters from the previous code.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ora12c_strong_verify_function<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>By activating it <code>ora12c_strong_verify_function<\/code> the following rules will be met:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The code must be at least 9 characters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The code must have at least 2 capital letters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The code must have at least 2 lowercase letters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The code must have at least 2 numbers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The code must have at least 2 special characters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The code must not differ by at least 3 characters from the previous code.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The installation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Through the sqlplus tool, execute the following command to install the functions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-no-auto-translation=\"\">sqlplus \/ as sysdba\n\n@$ORACLE_HOME\/rdbms\/admin\/utlpwdmg.sql\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>But with the installation it will be activated automatically <code>ora12c_verify_function<\/code> in the default profile, to disable it, run the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-no-auto-translation=\"\">alter profile default limit password_verify_function null;\nalter profile default limit password_grace_time unlimited;\nalter profile default limit PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME unlimited;\nalter profile default limit PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME unlimited;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>However, if some codes did not meet the criteria, e.g. if the code has passed 180 days, it will return to status <code>EXPIRED(GRACE)<\/code> as the script automatically changed the PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME parameter to 180. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case we can generate the commands to re-pass the same codes to those users who belonged to the profile <code>DEFAULT<\/code> and have returned to status <code>EXPIRED(GRACE)<\/code> with the following script:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-no-auto-translation=\"\">select 'ALTER USER ' ||USERNAME|| ' IDENTIFIED BY VALUES ''' ||spare4|| ''';'  from dba_users du \ninner join sys.user$ su on du.username=su.name\nwhere 1=1\nand profile='DEFAULT'\nand account_status='EXPIRED(GRACE)';<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>If during the user&#039;s connection an incompatibility issue appears with the password file, then we recreate it through the command line by setting the user&#039;s password <code>sys<\/code> and <code>format=12<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-no-auto-translation=\"\">orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME\/dbs\/orapwdbname force=y password=passw0rd format=12<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>To enable it <code>ora12c_verify_function<\/code> in a user profile we run the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-no-auto-translation=\"\">alter profile profile_name limit password_verify_function ora12c_verify_function;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>To enable it <code>ora12c_strong_verify_function<\/code> in a user profile we run the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-no-auto-translation=\"\">alter profile profile_name limit password_verify_function ora12c_strong_verify_function;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>To see all the policies in a user profile, run the following query:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-no-auto-translation=\"\">select * from dba_profile where PROFILE='DEFAULT';<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"336\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dataplatform.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pvf_01.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dataplatform.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pvf_01.png 563w, https:\/\/www.dataplatform.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pvf_01-300x179.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">01<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As we see in this case it has been activated as <code>PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION<\/code> the function <code>ora12c_verify_function<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.oracle.com\/database\/121\/DBSEG\/authentication.htm#GUID-F589A896-D775-4828-89F8-6A2BBEA413FE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What Are the Oracle Database Built-in Password Protections?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As we know in an Oracle database through User Profiles we can set restrictions on user groups regarding when and if a password expires (PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME), how many days it can be changed before it stops working (PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME), after how many days it can be reused (PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME) and after how many failed [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":704,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,16],"tags":[29,5,30,176],"class_list":["post-5178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-databases","category-oracle-db","tag-databases","tag-oracle-database","tag-rdbms","tag-security"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 enforce password policy \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Oracle - DataPlatform.gr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03bb\u03ae\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 (PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME), \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af (PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME) , \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 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